This article explores hydroponics, a core form of soilless cultivation, as a revolutionary approach reshaping modern agriculture. It defines hydroponics as a method where plant roots are directly submerged in a nutrient solution, emphasizing the critical role of the rhizosphere environment in ensuring root health and nutrient absorption. Compared to traditional soil cultivation and substrate cultivation, hydroponics offers direct and efficient nutrient supply, as the nutrient solution provides fully dissolved ionic nutrients, avoiding soil-borne pollutants and reducing reliance on organic fertilizers with inherent risks.

This article explores the technological innovations and operational frameworks of container-based plant factories, which redefine modern agriculture through modular design and intelligent systems. As self-contained agricultural production units, containers are retrofitted with polyurethane-insulated panels and tempered glass for optimal environmental control. Key components include soilless cultivation systems (hydroponics, substrate culture, aeroponics), LED lighting with spectral adjustment capabilities, and automated nutrient solution management that recycles over 90% of water resources.

Substrate cultivation, a pivotal soilless farming method, utilizes materials like coconut coir, rockwool, and peat moss as growth matrices, offering advantages such as soil-borne disease isolation, geographic flexibility, and labor efficiency. Common models include large trough, plastic trough, and bag cultivation, each suited to different crops and scales. Despite benefits, challenges persist, such as water-nutrient waste, substrate degradation, and lack of standardization in facilities and commercial substrates.

Smart agriculture represents a transformative shift in traditional farming, leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and big data to create a highly efficient, data-driven agricultural ecosystem. This article explores the core definition and broad connotations of smart agriculture, emphasizing its integration of IoT-based precision production models with extended industrial applications, including e-commerce, food traceability, and agri-tourism.Auma’s IOT system serves as a technological cornerstone, featuring multi-protocol data collection (Modbus RTU/TCP), multi-network control architectures (WiFi/Ethernet), and secure cloud storage with encrypted, compressed data management. 

This article focuses on the emerging Planting Medium - π soil in the Landscape Greening field. It first analyzes the problems of Traditional Soil in Landscape Greening, such as pollution, poor water and fertilizer retention, and heavy texture, and then presents the new requirements of modern Landscape Greening for materials. π soil, developed through scientific formulation and special processing, consists of natural organic materials, minerals, microbial communities, and functional additives. It has unique applications in urban park and square greening, rooftop and vertical greening, and ecological restoration and slope greening.

This article focuses on the Auma agricultural containerized plant factory, highlighting its significant value in modern agriculture. primary technologies used are hydroponics (60%), smart environmental control (30%), and LED plant lighting (10%). The Auma agricultural containerized plant factory is highly innovative, utilizing the mobility of containers to create indoor agricultural production spaces, breaking through land and climate constraints, and allowing flexible placement in various environments. 

With the advancement of technology, people's awareness of environmental issues has been growin

Smart plant factories are a revolutionary approach to agriculture, using advanced technologies to create controlled, high-yield environments for year-round crop production. These systems, which integrate robotics, biotechnology, and environmental control, promise to solve challenges like food security, resource management, and environmental sustainability. They offer a path toward modernizing agriculture, ensuring better crop quality, and increasing productivity, even in challenging environments like deserts or urban areas.

g. Traditional agriculture, with its low yield, serious pollution, and excessive resource consumption, has exposed many drawbacks. One of the most important directions for future living is to protect natura

Soilless cultivation is a modern plant cultivation system that uses inert organic or inorganic substrates to supply nutrients through nutrient solutions. It is arguably the most efficient intensive cultivation system designed to maximize crop yields by utilizing all available resources. In simple te